Subjunctive Mood
虚拟语气
Teaching aim:
1.Knowledge Aim
掌握if引导的虚拟条件状语从句中与现在事实、与过去事实、与将来事实相反的三种虚拟语气的表达，特别是主句与从句时态的呈现
2.Ability Aim
培养学生运用所学知识表达自己的思想的能力。学会在口语和写作中运用虚拟语气。
3.Emotional Aims
学生可以尝试运用虚拟语气的表达形式抒发内心美好的想法。帮助学生树立正确的爱情观。
Teaching Important Point:
帮助学生掌握虚拟条件状语从句中与现在事实、与过去事实、与将来事实相反的三种虚拟语气的表达。
Teaching Difficult Point:
分清条件状语从句中的主句和从句。虚拟语气在错综时间条件句和省略倒装条件句的运用。
Teaching Methods:
总结法，比较法，练习法
Teaching Procedure:
Step 1
T:Are you familiar with the song? Ss:
T:What can you learn from this song? Ss:
语气的定义：语气是以动词形式表现出来的语法特征，它表示说话人对事物所持的态度。
（1）陈述语气：用来陈述事实的，有肯定，否定，疑问或感叹等形式。
She is very clever.
What fun it is to swim in the lake!
Why don’t you join an English language club to practice speaking English?
（2） 祈使语气：用来表示请求，命令或劝告等。
Don’t be late for the meeting.
（3）虚拟语气：表示所说的内容与事实不符，不是事实或是不可能发生的，只是一种愿望，建议或与事实相反的假设等。
If I were you, I would go and attend his party.
It is demanded that we should get everything ready by tonight.
It’s time that we began the meeting.
Step 2
辨别真实条件句和虚拟条件句
Step 3
虚拟语气的经典表达
我
从句：提出虚拟语气，标志是“if”；
主句：感叹虚拟结果，标志是情态词“would/should/might/could”。
例：
例：
表示与现在事实相反的谓语形式：
从句 主句
过去式 (be和were) would (should、could)+ 动词原形
例如：If Tom were hungry, he would eat the bread. (In fact, Tom isn’t hungry.)
表示与过去事实相反的谓语形式：
从句 主句
had + 过去分词 would (should、could) + have +过去分词
例如：If I had left a little earlier, I would have caught the early bus. (In fact, I didn’t catch the bus.)
表示与将来事实相反的谓语形式：
从句 主句
动词过去式 would (should、could) + 动词原形
should + 动词原形
were to + 动词原形
例如：If they came tomorrow, we would told them about it. (In fact, they won’t come tomorrow。)
Step 4虚拟条件句的特殊用法
★错综时间条件句：当虚拟条件从句中的谓语动词和主句中的谓语动词发生的时间不一致时，主句和从句的谓语动词应根据实际的时间选用适当的动词形式。如：
If you had earned enough money，you would live a happy life in the future.
如果你已挣了足够的钱，你今后就会过上幸福的生活。
（从句与过去事实相反，谓语动词用过去完成时；主句与将来事实相反，谓语动词用“ would/should/could/might+ 动词原形”。）
If you had followed my advice, you would be able to finish the work now.
如果你当时听了我的话，现在就能完成这份工作了。（从句说明过去，主句说明现在。）
If I were you, I would have gone to her birthday party.
如果我是你，我就去参加她的生日晚会了。（从句说明现在，主句说明过去。）
If you hadn’t lent me some money, I couldn’t have bought the new house and most likely I would be still living in the dangerous house now.
假若你不借钱给我，我不可能买下这幢新房，很可能现在还住在危房里。（从句说明过去，主句说明过去和现在。）
★含蓄条件句：在虚拟语气中，有时假设的情况并不是以条件状语从句的形式表示，而是通过相应的介词、连词或上下文来表示，如 without， but for， or， but， otherwise 等。
But for your help，we couldn’t have finished the task in time. （= If you hadn’t helped us… tomorrow…）
要不是你的帮助，我们就不会按时完成任务。
What would I have done without you? 如没有你，我会怎么办呢？(条件暗含在分词短语without you中)
It would be easier to do it this way.这样做会比较容易。(条件暗含在不定式短语to do it this way中)
This same thing, happening in wartime, would lead to a disaster.
同样的事，如发生在战时，就会酿成大祸。(条件暗含在分词短语happening in wartime中)
But for your help we couldn’t have succeeded in the experiment.
如果没有你的帮助，我们的实验是不会成功。(暗含条件是but for your help)
He must have the strength of a hippopotamus, or he never could have vanquished that great beast.
他一定是力大如河马，否则他绝不会击败那只庞大的野兽。(暗含条件是连词or)
Alone, he would have been terrified. 如是单独一人，他是会感到害怕的。(暗含条件是alone)
You might stay here forever. 你可以永远待在这儿。(可能暗含if you wanted to)
We would have succeeded. 我们本来是会成功的。(可能暗含if we had kept trying)
Your reputation would be ruined. 你的名誉会败坏的。(可能暗含if you should accept it)
I would appreciate a little of your time.
谢谢你给我一点时间吧。(可能暗含if you were so kind as to give me a little of your time)
★省略if的虚拟条件句：在 if 引导的虚拟条件句中，如果条件状语从句位于句首，且从句中含有 were， had 或 should ，则可以省略 if ，并用倒装结构。如：
Should it rain tomorrow，we would have to stay at home. （= If it should rain tomorrow…）
如果明天下雨，我们就得呆在家里。
Had I seen the film, I would have discussed it with them last night.
假如我看了那部电影，昨晚我就可以和他们一起讨论了。
Were I a bird, I could fly freely. 假如我是一只小鸟，我就能自由翱翔。
Should it rain next week the farmers would have a good harvest.
要是下周能下雨的话，农民们就能有个好收成了。
Step 5 Practice
1.If I ________ your book, I’ll give it to you.
A. will find B. have found C. find D. finds
2. If I found your book, I ______ give it to you.
A. will B. had C. / D. would
3. If he _______ the exam, he would fail it.
A. would take B. took C. will take D. takes
4. What would you do if you ______ your passport in a foreign country.
A. will lose B. lost C. losses D. would lose
5. If I invited Bill to the party, I _____ invite Linda too.
A. would have to B. would C. will have to D. will must
6. If we _______ go to the party next week, they would be very angry.
A. don’t
B can’t
C. have to
D. didn’t
7. ---Shall I open all the windows?
---Yes, please, if you _______.
A. shall
B. would
C. can
D. have to
8. I don’t know _______. If he _______, I’ll tell you.
A. if he comes, will come
B. if he will come, comes
C. whether she comes, comes
D. whether she will come, comes
9. I wish I ______ younger.
A. were
B. are
C. am
D. /
10. Do you ever wish you ________?
A. can fly
B. have flown
C. could fly
D. would fly
11. _____ today, he would get there by Friday.
A. Would he leave B. Was he leaving
C. Were he to leave D. If he leave
12. Should it rain, the crops _____ .
A. would be saved B. would have been saved
C. will be saved D. had been saved
13. You _____ come earlier. The bus left a moment ago.
A. would
B. should have
C. may
D. have
14. He treated me as though/as if _____ his own son.
A. I am
B. I would be
C. I was
D. I were
15. I _____ you some money, but I hadn’t any on me then.
A. would lend
B. would have lent
C. could lend
D. may have lent
16. A few minutes earlier and we _____ the rain.
A. have caught
B. had caught
C. could have caught
D. were to catch
17. --- “Have you ever been to Beijing?”
--- “No, but I wish I _____”
A. have
B. will
C. do
D. had
18. I’m glad I went over all my notes; otherwise _____ .
A. I may have failed
B. I’d fail
C. I’d have failed
D. I’ll have failed
19. --- “What will you do during the summer holiday?”
--- “I don’t know, but it’s high time _____ something.”
A. I’m deciding
B. I’ll decide
C. I decided
D. I decide
20. What should we do if it _____ tomorrow?
A. should snow
B. would snow
C. snow
D. will snow
