第1篇：唐山电大社区工作理论与实践试卷与答案
试卷代号：8571 河北广播电视大学2016—2017学年度第一学期期末考试 社区工作理论与实践 试题A答案 2017年1月
一、单项选择（每题1分，共计20分）
1、社区睦邻运动发生在19世纪80年代，它的发起人是英国牧师（A）。A、巴涅特 B、索里 C、汤恩比 D、哥尔亭
2、最早提出社区发展概念的是（D ）。A、罗杰斯 B、罗斯曼 C、谭马士 D、法林顿
3、（A）称为西方社会救济立法和贫民救济事业史上的一个重要里程碑，对各国社会事业的制度化发展产生了深远的影响。
A、伊丽莎白济贫法 B、德国的汉堡制
C、英、美的慈善组织会社 D、德国爱尔伯福制
4、在社区工作的程序中，下列说法错误的是（D）。
A、制订一个良好的社区发展计划，这是社区工作的关键一环 B、建立社区机构是落实社区计划的根本保证 C、协调社区力量是社区工作过程中重要的一环 D、解决社区问题主要依靠社区工作者
5、在社区发展模式中，当地居民应该是确定社区发展具体项目的（B ）。A 一般参与者 B 主要决策者 C 听从任务者 D 意见反馈者
6、下列属于社会策划模式的是（C）。
A、我国的八七扶贫攻坚计划 Ｂ、我国的乡村建设运动
C、为了促进就业，制订针对性的训练项目 D、为了维护弱势群体的利益而采取的集体行动
7、60年代末期，美国学者罗斯曼提出的三大经典社区实务模式不包括以下哪一项？（B）
A、地区发展 B、社区整合 C、社会规划 D、社会行动
8、社区工作者经常与居民领袖并肩工作，帮助群众或团体维护自己的利益，运用传媒的力量向政府施压，影响正式组织的决策过程，在这里，工作者扮演的角色是（B）。A、倡导者 B、行动者 C、教育者 D、资源提供者
9、社会行动通常是由最温和的方法起步，当行不通时才提升行动的层次。这是社会行动的（B）。
A、让步原则 B、渐进原则 C、破坏原则 D、连串性原则
10、（B ）在中国农村的种种实验却开创了农村社会工作实验的先河。
A、为政治服务的社区教育模式 B、乡村建设运动 C、社区服务 D、社区学校
11、(D)是一个人顺利进行某种活动的一种个性心理特征。
A、技能 B、性格 C、气质 D、能力
12、下列有关院舍化说法错误的是（C ）。
A、生活在院舍中的人通常被社会上的其他人视为“弱者”。B、接受长期院舍照顾的人丧失了自立能力，变得过分的顺从。C、生活在福利院中的人有充分的自主选择权利。D、院舍化就是把各类需要照顾的人集中在一起照顾。
13、社区工作者应具备的自我完善能力不包括（B ）。
A、自我学习能力 B、自我批评能力 C、自我反省能力 D、自我控制能力
14、下列不属于确定社区工作者身份的标准的是（C ）。
A、工作内容或内容 B、职业身份 C、工作性质 D、社会工作认证制度
15、建立关怀型的社区意味着（B ）。
A、关怀型的社区所关注的只是那些“有需要的人” B、关怀型的社区关注的是整个社区的福利 C、社区照顾是由社区工作者本人发动的D、采取何种社区照顾方式是由社区工作者来决定的16、关于社区照顾的具体目标下列说法错误的是（D ）。
A、协助需要照顾人士融入社区 B、培养需要照顾人士的参与意识 C、强化居民的社区意识
D、社区照顾是以非正规照顾取代正规照顾
17、下列哪一项不属于问卷法的特点（C ）
A、书面性B、间接性C、直接性D、标准化
18、关于社区服务的资源共享原则下列说法正确的是（D ）。
A、社区服务的资源来源可以完全依赖依靠政府提供外部资源 B、社区服务的资源来源可以完全依赖依靠社区的内部资源
C、社区服务的资源来源依赖于靠政府提供外部资源和社区的内部资源的结合，不分主次 D、社区服务的资源来源以开发利用自身资源为主，接受政府等提供的外部资源为辅，而不能颠倒了两者的位置。
19、美国心理学家（B）将需求划分为五级：生理的需求、安全的需求、社交的需求、尊重的需求、自我实现的需求。
A、罗杰斯 B、马斯洛 C、班杜拉 D、沙利文
20、社区的服务组织有两个特点，一是街（委）、企（事）结合，二是（B）。
A、政府主导 B、社区自治 C、居民自治 D、社区、居民结合二、多项选择题（每题5分，共计40分）
1、中国古代的民间社会救济和社会救助主要包括的形式有（ABCDE ）。
A、家族 B、同乡 C、行会 D、宗教 E、社仓乡约
2、下列属于社区发展模式中的过程目标的是（BD）。
A、社区经济开发 B、各种社会网络的重新确立 C、社区社会发展 D、居民及团体间重建紧密的联系 E、社区科学知识教育的普及
3、在社区发展模式中，社区工作者的角色主要包括（BCDE ）。A、组织策划的角色 B、支持鼓励的角色 C、协调联络的角色 D、资源中介的角色 E、启发催化的角色
4、社区工作者进入社区的方法包括（ABDE）
A、拜访关键人物 B、与居民进行街头接触或深入访谈 C、与居民进行深入交谈 D、事件的介入 E、参与和组织公益活动
5、关于社区照顾的含义，下列说法错误的是（BD）。
A、社区照顾是为社会上有需要照顾者提供照顾及支援 B、非正规照顾不属于社区照顾
C、需要照顾的对象能够继续留在社区或他们原本的生活环境下维持独立的生活 D、由志愿者、亲属等进行的无偿照顾不属于社区照顾
E、社区照顾倡导的是专业人士与非专业人士的携手合作
6、下列属于社区照顾提供的具体服务的是（ABDE ）。
A、家长义工计划 B、提供临终关怀服务 C、政府在社区内筹建房舍 D、为孤独老人解决心理问题 E、提供老人的护理服务
7、西方介入式社区工作过程最显著的特征是它的（BD ）。
A、技巧性 B、阶段性 C、静态性 D、时序性 E、福利性
8、我国社区工作过程时段性的工作包括下列（CDE）。
A、抵御自然灾害的侵袭 B、某项政治宣传教育的实施C、社区环境卫生评比 D、社区计划生育的宣传与登记 E、居民纠纷的调节
三、判断正误题（每题1分，共计20分）
1、社区工作的重点应该是解决个体所面对的问题，或个别居民所关心的社区事务。（×）
2、社会工作机构或社会工作者提供的社区服务，应全部是无偿服务。（×）
3、确立社区工作目标时，要注意分别确立总体目标和具体目标。（√）
4、滕尼斯关于社区的概念，他的视角始终关注着社会价值取向这个核心，并以人际关系状况、形成、变化为观察对象。（√）
5、社区工作的基本原则指社区工作的某个特定领域或策略、方法所遵循的原则。（×）
6、一旦居民决定采取社会行动，社会工作者会坚守一系列的原则，使行动能够朝着理
性的方向发展。（√）
7、美国的社会学家和社会工作者往往将社区发展理解为社区组织的工作模式之一的是。（√）
8、社区发展作为一种专门的社区工作方法，形成于20世纪初。（×）
9、社区发展的具体的策略措施主要是以冲突和竞争策略为主。（×）
10、社区问题的调查只包括社区内的调查。（×）
11、建立关怀社区的过程，就是实现社区照顾终极目标的过程。（√）
12、从事社区照顾的组织和工作者应该扮演倡导者的角色，而不是全权代理人。（√）
13、香港式的社区照顾主要有三种推行形式：家居照顾、社会支援网络、义务工作。（√）
14、社区工作者的平民意识从本质上讲就是一种民主意识。（√）
15、工作情景的界定和评估是社区工作者事情，与工作对象没有关系。（×）
16、社区服务是一种群众性的互助服务，不需要政府的倡导和支持。（×）
17、一套完整的社区工作价值体系，包括对服务对象的价值取向、对社会（国家）的价值取向与对个人（自身）的价值取向三部分。（√）
18、作为一个关怀型的社区, 它所关注的仅仅是那些“有需要的人”，而不是所有人。（×）
19、优抚服务针对社区内孤寡老人、无经济来源的贫困户，以及下岗工人就业困难而提供的扶助服务。（×）
20、街道办事处作为市或区政府的派出机构，是社区服务的直接实施者。（√）
四、简答题（每题5分，共计20分）
1、简述社区工作的专业价值观特点
答：（1）集体取向的人的价值和尊严（2）制度取向的社会正义（3）民主取向的社会参与（4）互助取向的助人服务
2、简述社区发展策略的具体措施
答：社区发展策略的具体措施有五个方面：（1）以协商一致策略为主，避免冲突和竞争，（2）立足社区基层群众公共利益的扩大，通过沟通、对话和讨论促使成立不同居民小组，（3）社区组织之间的协商、妥协、合作，（4）对社区精英的争取、团结和支持，（5）对社区大众的争取、包容，并使其参与到发展项目中来。
3、简述社区照顾提供的服务类型
答：（1）是针对服务对象的压力心理的及专业的支援（2）是为服务对象提供一些具体和实际的协助（3）是为服务对象提供稍作休息的空间（4）是协助服务对象善用服务资源，并加强他们对社区活动的参与（5）是为服务对象提供足够的、高质量的照顾，减轻照顾者的负担。
4、简述社区服务的原则
答：社区服务的原则包括（1）政府支持的原则（2）开发和利用社区内部资源的原则（3）公民参与的原则（4）立足社区的原则（5）科学化、专业化的原则(6)宣传先行的原则（7）义务与报酬相结合的原则
五、论述题
1、试述社区工作的行为守则
答：主要围绕以下几个方面论述：（1）注重以人为中心的发展目标。（2）强调社区成员的自主参与。（3）充分开展组织工作。（4）注重协调发展。（5）尊重社区成员自主决策。（6）采取民主和理性的社区行动方式。（7）做好预防性的服务工作。
2、试述我国社区工作者的角色要求
答：主要从以下几方面论述：
（1）应具备的意识：一是，大局意识；二是，责任意识；三是，任务意识；四是，发展意识（2）要有创新的工作思路：一是，制定社区工作目标和实施方案；二是，激发居民的参与意识；三是调动和发挥社区组织的积极性和参与性；四是解决百姓闹心、领导操心、人人关心的事情入手
（3）应具备的技能 一是，提高政策水平；二是，提高专业技能；三是，提高写作技能；四是，提高文体、绘画能力
第2篇：电大最英语整理试卷2
试卷代号：２２０５合集 2010.1至2013.1 第一部分 交际用语
1.-Are you ready to order?-Yes.1'11 have a chicken salad please.A．Right 2.-Can I help you?-Yes, please.I'd liketo reserve a room.A．Right 2.-Can I help you?-Nice to see you.B．Wrong 2.-Could you help me to book the ticket?-No problem.When are you leaving? A．Right 3．-What are you going to do this evening？-I went there with some friends.B．Wrong 3．-What are you going to do tomorrow morning?-I saw a film with my son.B．Wrong 3.-What would you like to drink, madam?-Can I have a gla of white wine? A．Right 3.-What would you like to have?-An orange juice,please.A．Right 3.-What's your job?-I,m a nurse.A．Right 3.-When did hego to America?-Two years ago.A．Right 3.-When did you first come to China?-10 years ago.A．Right 3.-What did you do yesterday?-I saw a film with my som A．Right 3.-Where did you go in China?-I went there by train.B．Wrong 3.-Where did you go for your holiday?-Two yeaes ago.B．Wrong 3.-What does he look like?-He is tall and thin.A．Right 3.-What time will the next train leave?At 8.19.A．Right 4．-Hello,Xiaoyan.How was the party？-Hi，Jack.We had a great time.A．Right 4.-Hello.How was your trip to Shanghai?-Yes.I went there by train.B．Wrong 4.-Hello.Is that Ivydale Guesthouse?-Yes,it is.Can I help you? A．Right 4.-How can I book a cheap hotel?-If I were you, I'd phone a travel agent.A．Right 4．-How do you like the film?-It's very good.I like it.A．Right 4.-How often do you go swimming?-About twice a week。A．Right 4.-How is the weather today?-I’m fine,thank you.B．Wrong 4.-Have you seen today's newspaper?-Yes, I am.B．Wrong 4.-Have you been to America?-I've never been there but I hope to go there in the future.A．Right 4.-Have you had a good day? 一Yes，but I'm very tired.A．Right 4.-Have you ever tried windsurfing?一It's very kind of you.B．Wrong 5.一You ordered some fish,didn't you?-No,thank you.B．Wrong 5.Do you like your job?-I'm a nurse.B．Wrong
第二部分 词汇与结构
7.____!That fire is dangerous.B.Stop 2.____the rain and the wind,he came on time.B.In spite of 2._____they landed,they went to the conference.B.After 2._____the rain and the wind,he came on time.B.In spite of 8.____ I mied the train,I arrived at work on time.B.Although 23.____it is raining, she decides not to work in the garden.A.Because
12.____it started to rain,I still want to go to the Beihai Park.Ｂ．Although 20.____it rains tomorrow , we'll stay at home.C.lf 21.____is wrong with the car.It won't start.B.Something 13.____it is raining,she decides not to work in the garden.A.Because
8.A film that usually takes place in the future,ofture,often with space travel,is a____film.Ａ．sci-fi
1.A car hit her when she was walking____the road.A.acro 2.At night the road outside my bedroom was very noisy and I was____all night.Ｃ．ktpt awake 7.A: _____ is at the door?B: It must be our new neighbor,Mrs lones.B.Who 1.A: Whichjumperdo you like?B: Thered____overthere.A.one 1.A: Could I see the manager now?B: I'm sorry you can't.He has____to Hong Kong.B.gone 1.A: What does she_____ ?B: Oh,she's very beautiful with long dark hair.A.look like 1.A: Would you like to go to the cinema with me?B: I'd____stay at home.A.rather 9.A: This skirt is____small for you.B: No.I think it's big B.too,enough 1.Are you familiar____the bus and subway lines in Beijing?A.with 8.As she____the newspaper,Granny____asleep.C.was reading …fell
1.As a news reporter,James____many places in the world.A.has been to 1.A: I didn't have time for lunch today.B: Ididn't___.C.either 2.Are you familiar___ the bus and subway lines in Beijing?A.with 1.A concert will be held in th school hall ___ 4pm ___ Tuesday.C.at"'on d 1.A:Where does Mark get his hair cut?B:Hecutsit___.B.himself 2.A:Which jacket do you like?B:The blue____over there.A.one 16.Could you please tell us what kind of work_____you have got experience?A.in which 18.China and Canada are _____the same size.A.about 19.Don't____ him.He is writing a letter now.B.disturb 10.-Did Mike phone you or Tim? －No,he didn't phone____us.Ａ．either of 1.While I ____to the supermarket by bus,I____an old friend． Ａ．was going,met 6.When Eric____that she had a lot of talent,he gave her a new violin.Ｃ．found out 2.When I was by myself,I felt____.Ｃ．lonely 8.We used to_____ bicycles to go to work.A.ride 15.Who isthe____man standing over there?B.tall,thin 16.When I was sitting in a traffic jam,the car____down.B.broke 17.We____in a small village in the countryside.Now we all live in cities.A.used to live 17.With his help,you will have_____to worry about.C.nothing 23.–Would you like to go to the cinema?-I'd_____to go to themuseum.B.prefer 10.When I saw him,I____him____some money.A.asked,for 14.We built the house____.Nobody helped us.A.ourselves 24.With his help,you will have____ to worry about.A.nothing 18.Who is the____man standing over there? B.tall, thin 23.Who is the ___ girl standing over there?B.tall,thin 21.We built the house____.Nobody helped us.B.ourselves 9.My friend Mary said she____ all over the world.A.had been to 13.My horne is far____ the city centre.A.from 15.My parents have____ been to the Great Wall.A.never 17.Mother told Little Tom not____ all the money.C.to spend 25.Mary would like to buy thehandbag,___is very beautiful but also rather expensive.B.which 11.Mary is bored____the same work.She wants to do something exciting.B.with
22.Mr Smith told Mary____to the office next Monday morning.C.to come 15.My mum helped me to____ready for my trip to America.Ｃ．Get 11.My parents have_____ been to the Great Wall.B.never 1.I____a car if I won the lottery.A.wouldbuy 9.I____my breakfast at 8,but I____lunch yet.Ａ．had,haven't had 2.I____table tennis quite well, but I haven't had time to play since the New Year.C.play 8.I____himmy bikelast weekend.A.lent 9.I____my breakfast at 8,but I____lunch yet.Ａ．had,haven't had 2.I____table tennis quite well, but I haven't had time to play since the New Year.C.play 1.I_____her my computer last weekend.A.lent 1.If I_____you,I would buy a house at the seaside.B.were 1.If I_____ Peter,I_____him about the meeting.A.see,will tell 2.If I____you,I'd sell that car as quickly as poible.A.were 2.If I ____Peter, I____him about the meeting.A.see,willtell 10.It's _____ to learn how to play tennis.B.easy 16.Jim____every week,but he does not now.Ａ．used to swim 7.I got____very late this morning,I watched too much TV last night.Ｂ．up 6.I was____my____to school when I saw the accident.A.on , way 1.I was____my____to school when I saw him.C:on,way 1.I want____to help me with my homework.Ａ．Somebody 1.If you____time,will you send the letter for me,please?Ａ．Have 1.I worked____12 last night.Of course,____then I was really tired.Ｃ．till,by 2.I've always enjoyed____football.Ｂ．playing 1.I went to his house but couldn't get in.There was____there.A.no one 2.It's a long way to get there.This is___ we started so early.A.why 1.Is it difficult to learn to____Tai Chi? C.do 1.Is the supermarket___ the right or left?A.on 9.I love travelling.I___ most places in the world.A.havebeento 7.I'm really looking forward to____ from you.B.hearing 6.I'm not helping you.You must wash your socks_____.B.yourself 1.I'm going to buy Marya birthday gift.Do you have ____in mind?C.anything special 2.-I'm thinking of going away for the weekend-____go to Beidaihe?You can swim in the sea there.Ｂ．Why don't you 1.I am having the TV___ tomorrow.A.repaired 2.I can't sit here;this chair is very____.A.uncomfortable 7.I have to go now.I have to pick____my son from school.C.up 2.I didn't go ____in the summer.I stayed at home.C.anywhere 2.The bo told all the employees____late for meetings.Ｂ．not to be 9.The book was rather expensive,but I bought it____.C.anyway 2.The boys got____very late this morning.They watched too much TV last night.B.up 1.The baby was named_____his grandfather.A.after
2.Tianjin is a two-hour journey_____Beijing.C.from 1.The dre was rather expensive,but I bought it____.Ｃ．anyway 2.This sweater is not_____for me.I need a bigger size.C.big enough 7.Tom helped her mother____thecooking.C.with
1.The school telephoned to tell me that my son had hurt____playing football.C.himself 1.They were late____they had to drive fast.Ｂ:ｓｏ
1.This photo____ be of Beijing.There's the Great Wall.C.must 1.This idea hit me when I____this morning.C.woke up 1.They are building abridge____the river.B.acro 8.The child was named____ his grandfather.A.after 2.Table tennis is____ popular sport in this country.B.themost 2.The man is____.He is rude to others.C.impolite
1.The new web page can be____ blue____ red.B.either.or 2.The children , ____ we met in the morning , were very good at singing.C.who 1.The children are enjoying____ at the party.B.themselves 8.There is time ___ the changes.A.for 1.Today is too busy.Let's discu it next week.C.sometime 1.The hotel is famous____its delicious food.C.for
6.She's the person______ owns the restaurant.A.who 1.Sheis not very good at____ gardens.C.designing 1.She didn't say a word about her homework.Absolutely____.A.nothing 6.She didn't say a word about the exam.Absolutely_____.A.nothing
1.She_____answer my phone call yesterday.B.didn't 2.She____be over forty.She must be in her twenties.A.can't 1.She is not very good at___ gbrdens.A.todesign 1.She's worried about her lack____experience in designing gardens.B.of 2.He hadn't go tenough money___ he couldn't buy the jacket.B.so 1.He bought two books._____she.A.So did 7.He's not tall____to play basketball.A.enough 1.Her article is____in her cla.C.the best 9.Her homework is_____ in her cla.A.the best 6.He stopped____ TV when dinner was ready.A.watching 9.Heisa good friend of____.C.ours 1.He___ me he was leaving on Wednesday.B.told 1.He told me he____ going to the US on Wednesday.B.was 6.He loved____ basketball when he was young.B.playing 22.You ____wear a uniform at school.You can wear anything you like.B.don't have to 13.You didn't order the cheese, ____? B.didyou 15.You have____done a very good job.C.certainly 17.Gui1in is___ the west of China.C.in 20.Get up!Mary.Tom has____called you three times this morning.B.already 16.Quick, call the doctor!I think I____my arm.A.have broken 2.Jenny, ____was a hardworking student,was killed in the traffic accident.A.who
第三部分 句型变换
27．Where is the restaurant？（用Ｈｅａ ｋｅｄ将句子改写成间接特殊疑问句）He asked where the restaurant was.27."Can you phone me later,Susan?"said David.(用ask，to改为间接句子〉David asked Susan to phone him later.30．Although it rained,the visit was a succe．（用In spite of将两句连成一句）In spite of the rain,the visit was a succe.26.Jack is responsible for all the training.(用What针对划线部分提问)What is Jack responsible for? 30.Mary didn't stay at home.She went to see Tim.(用insteadof将两个句子合成一句〉
Instead of staying at home,Mary went to see Tim.26.It was too hot.I couldn't open the window.(用but将两句连成一句)
It was too hot,but I culdn’t open the window.29.It was very hot.I couldn't open the window.(用but将两句连成一句)
It was very hot but I couldn’t open the window.30.It was a place.He wanted to go there.(用where将第二句改为定语从句)It was a place where he wanted to go.28.It wasa place.He wanted to go there.(用 where将两句合成一句)It was a place where he wanted to go.28.I'm tall and thin.My sister is too.(用so改写句子)
I'm tall and thin and so is my sister./ I'm tall and thin,so is my sister.27.I'm tall and thin.My brother is too.(用so改写句子)I’m tall and thin and so is my brother.28."I can't find my notebook,"she said.(改为间接引语)She said she couldn’t find her notebook.29.I can't keep accounts.She can't keep accounts.(用 neither改写句子)I can’t keep accounts(and/,)neither can she 27."I can't find my notebook,"she said.(改为间接引语)She said she couldn't find her notebook 29.They smashed the window.(将句子改成被动语态)The window was smashed(by them)26.They smashed the window.(改成被动语态)The window was smashed(by them)30.Tim didn't stay in the meeting.He left the office.(用insteadof将两句连成一句)
Instead of staying in the meeting,Tim left the office.28.They're worried about Jim.(用Whom针对划线部分提问〉Whom are they worried about? 29."Have you gotmy bag?" she asked.(将句子改成间接引语)She asked if I had gor her bag.30.His neighbour heard them.They damaged the flat.(用动词ing形式将两个句子改写成一句)
His neighbour heard them damaging the flat.2.His neighbor heard them.They made a noise．（用动词ｉｎｇ形式将两句改写成一句话）
His neighbor heard them making a noise.26.He's gone to Shanghai.He's negotiating a new contract.(用动词不定式将两句连成一句)
He’s gone to Shanghai to negotiate a new contract.27.He disturbed the burglars.(将句子改为被动语态)The burglars were disturbed(by him)28.He didn't run fast.He didn't catch the bus.(用enough..·to改写句子)He didn’t run fast enough to catch the bus.29.He didn't run fast.He didn't catch the bus.(用enough···to将两句连成一句〉He didn't run fast enough to catch the bus.29．He stole the laptop．（改为被动语态）The laptop was stolen(by him)30.Susan collected the tickets this morning.(用When针对划线部分提问)When did Susan collect the tickets? 26.She forgot about the meeting yesterday.(用What针对划线部分提问〉What did she forget about yesterday?
第四部分 阅读理解
●Xiaoyan:Packing is never-ending.I'll just have to give things away.``````````do meals for us at work are very good.31．Xiaoyan is going to____.B:give some stuff away 32.Xiaoyan got a radio from____.B:Polly 33.Franco____for Xiaoyan's birthday.C:cooked meals and wrote the menu 34.At first,Xiaoyan's idea for her leaving do is to____.A:have a picnic if the weather is fine.35.According to the weather forecast,it's going to____for the weekend.C:rain but with sunny intervals
●Mary has just returned to the USA after studying in England for three years.```````````````````` had enjoyed her time in England so much.31.Mary is now in_____.B.theUSA 32.She studied at_____umverslty.A.a British 33.Most probably,her grandmother_____.C.Iived in London 34.Her friend's brother recommended her to_____.B.study in the college 35.Mary would return to Europe to_____.C.work
●David and Xiaoyan arrived at the airport in good time.````````````.I suppose someone must have walked off with it!"
31.When they arrived at the airport,they had____。B.plenty of time 32.I hey t1rst went____.A.to the checking-in desk 33.David realized that his camera was miing when he was___。C.at the gate 34.They looked for the camera everywhere except____。C.on the plane 35.David thought he must have left it____。A.in the cafe
●Dear Vicky, I live in Aberdeen,````````py to let you go.Good luck!Vicky 31.The letter-writer wants to____at Christmas.B:visit his parents who live quite far away 32.The letter-writer will travel_____miles to go to and come back from Cornwall.C:1000 33.The letter-writer doesn’t get on well with his bo because____.B:his bo heard````him 34.Vicky advises the letter-writer to_____.C:apologize to his bo for what he has done 35.Vicky thinks the lerrer-writer’s bo will_____after he hears the explanation.A:be very happy to give the letter-writer a longer holiday
●Flat 3, Cheyney House, Crant Road, Chelsea, London 21June2004,````` I'm writing to clairn for````````Tim Manning 31.The man came to us to_____.A.ask for the way 32.We thought the children___.A.knew theman who was asking directions 33.My wife and I___the child who took away the handbag.C.ran after 34.Our camera___when we came back to our place.C.was taken away by the other children 35.The writer of the letter wants the insurance company to___.B.give them insurance on their camera
●Police officer: Goodafternoon,sir.``````````Police officer: Yes,please.sir.Two sugars.please.31.Mr Timson came downstairs because____.A:he heard some noise 32.Which of the following was NOT damaged?B.Thechair.33.Larry often steals things____.C.in the afternoon 34.The police will first____.A.take some photos 35.The police officer would like to____.B.have a cup of tea with two spoons of sugar
●Ivydale Guesthouse * * * * Bath Tourist Aociation Approved``````` For reservations or a brochure ,please call(01225)1212355
31.The owner of the guesthouse is/are____.A.Ron and Ann 32.The guesthouse is ____the city centre.B.near to 33.Guests can____.C.make tea in their room 34.The guesthouse is____.B.peaceful and quiet 35.People can call(01225)1212355 to ____.A.book a room
●Mary has just returned to the USA after studying in······Englandso much.31.Mary is now in___ B.the USA 32.She studied at___ UnIVersIty.A.a British 33.Most prob ably,her grandmother___.C.lived in London 34.Her friend's brother recommended her to___.B.study in the college 35.Mary would return to Europeto___.C.work ● Polly mow works for Green Fingers．`````````it will be a very good thing for the reputation of the company.36.Polly answers phone calls and checks emails.Ａ．Right 37.Polly is working on the tax return now.Ａ．Right 38.Karen and Robert have always been careful about accounts.B:Wtong 39.Only Karen and Robert visit customers'houses.B:Wtong 40."Green Fingers"will get a large sum of money from the work for the actre.B:Wtong 加36.Polly’s job includes answering phone calls and checking emails.Ａ．Right
●When I leave university in July,I don’t want`````````so I'11 have to earn somemoney.36.I want to get a job as soon as poible.B.Wrong 37.I'll first go to New Zealand.A.Right 38.I have relatives in America.B.Wrong 39.I '11 probably work in a bank first.A.Right 40.I want to earn enough money to buy a car.B.Wrong
●When I was a child,I lived in Sicily.``````or jams jams or pollution.I still hate that about London.36.I used to live in a small village in the countryside of Sicily.A.Right 37.Both of my parents are Italians.B.Wrong 38.It was crowded in London.A.Right 39.We had a farm in London.B.Wrong 40.L’m about 48 years old now.A.Right
●If I lived on a desert island,``````` but I think l'd be happier than I am now!36.I wouldn't be bored or lonely if I lived on a desert island.A.Right 37.I've never had time to read a novel.B.Wrong 38.I would grow my own food.A.Right 39.I'm sure I could remember how to fish.A.Right 40.I would mi TV.B.Wrong
●Xiaoyan，I thought you'd like to know what has happened to your report about``````` Thursday morning? 36.David had a meeting with the designers yesterday.B.Wrong 37.David had made the icons larger.B.Wrong
38.The speed of acce has been made quicker.A.Right 39.David is going to make a presentation in Paris.A.Right 40.David would like some help from Xiaoyan.A.Right
●Tim: Hello.Where have you been? You look hot.`````Tim: Let's go to Franco's.36.Xiaoyan has had a tennis leon.A.Right 37.She has had a leon at a tennis club A.Right 38.She has played a lot of tennis in China.B.Wrong 39.She has eaten a hamburger before she played.B.Wrong 40.Mary and Tim haven't eaten yet.A.Right
●Police officer: Good afternoon, sir.Tim: Oh , hello.Come in please, officer.`````````Police officer: Yes,please , sir.Two sugars , please.36.Mr Timson came downstairs because he heard some noise.A.Right 37.The study door was NOT damaged.B.Wrong 38.Larry steals things together with Jim.A.Right 39.The police will take some photos.A.Right 40.The police officer will have a cup of coffee with sugar.B.Wrong
●Last week Polly decided to give up her job.····· experiencein some areas.36.Polly has decided to ask for a higher salary.B.Wrong 37.She doesn't like her bo.A.Right 38.Her friends agreed that she should resign.A.Right 39.She has no experience of selling.B.Wrong 40.She's worried about her lack of experience in some areas.A.Right
第五部分 翻译
1．Although it is very enjoyable,the film is too long.虽然这部电影非常令人愉快，但是太长了。2.They enjoyed themselves at the party.他们在晚会上玩得很开心。2.They walked slowly along the road.他们沿着那条路慢慢地走着
8.She would buy a large house if she won the lottery.如果她中了彩票，就会买一套大房子。8.She borrowed the book and gave it back on Monday.她借了那本书，后来星期一把书还了 8.She needs to return the book by next Friday.她得在下周五之前把书还回去 8.Sandy is wearing a long,black,silk dre.桑迪穿了条黑色的长丝裙。1.I've got the same sense of humour as mymum.我和我妈妈一样，有幽默感。1.I came to London when I was 18..我18岁的时候来到伦敦。
4.It takes 45 minutes to get to the city centre from the hotel.从宾馆到市中心需要花45分钟时间。4.I had the windows cleaned yesterday.昨天我请人把窗户给擦了。
4.I haven't got a car,and nowhere to live.My family is putting me up at the moment..我没有车，也没有地方住。现在跟家人住一起。
4.I should have put the bag at home.我本该把包放在家里的 4.I'm in a meeting until 1.00.我开会开到一点钟。
4.I can't find the key.I must have left it in the car.我找不到钥匙了。我肯定是把钥匙丢在车上了。
4.I have to move out of my room on Friday because Franco has got another tenant.我周五得从房子里搬出来，因为佛朗哥又招了一位房客。
41．While she was waiting,her phone rang.她正在等待的时候，电话铃响了。43．We have enough money to improve the website.我们有足够的钱改进网站。
44.When I finish travelling,I am going to get a job in a bank.旅行结束后，我打算在银行找份工作做 43.We've become good friends since last summer..从去年夏天起我们就成了好朋友了。4.He came acro an old violin at his friend's house.他在朋友家偶然发现了一把旧提琴。4.He came acro an old painting at his friend'shouse.他在朋友家偶然发现了一幅古(旧)画 4.He pointed out that she needed a better violin.他指出她需要一把更好点儿的提琴 4.He used to play basketball every Sunday.他以前每个周日都打篮球。4.He studies in a university west of Beijing.他在北京西郊的一所大学读书。4.He got on well with his sister.他 和 他 的 姐 姐(妹妹)相 处 得 很好 7.Do you take after your mother or father? 你像你的母亲还是父亲? 4.Your neighbour says your flat was burgled this afternoon.你的邻居说你的房子今天下午被盗了
9.One of the biggest sporting events in the world is the Olympic Games.奥运会是世界上规模最大的体育比赛之一。1.Polly(波莉)is worried about her lack of experience.波莉担心自己缺乏经验
第3篇：电大开放英语2试卷整理
试卷代号：2205 中央广播电视大学2010-2011学年度第一学期“开放专科”期末考试
英语I(2)
试题
2011年1月
第一部分 交际用语（共计10分，每小题2分）
1-5题：阅读下面的小对话，判断答语是否恰当，恰当的选A(Right), 不恰当的选B(Wrong),并将答案写在答题纸上。
1.–What would you like to drink, madam?
--Can I have a gla of white wine? A.Right
B.Wrong 2.–Are you ready to order?
--Yes.I’ll have a chicken salad please.A.Right
B.Wrong 3.–How can I book a cheap hotel?
--If I were you, I’d phone a travel agent.A.Right
B.Wrong 4.–Have you seen today’s newspaper?
--Yes, I am A.Right
B.Wrong 5.–What’s your job?
--I’m a nurse.A.Right
B.Wrong 第二部分
词汇与结构（共计40分，每小题2分）
6-25题：阅读下面的句子，从A、B、C 三个选项中选出一个能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题纸上写出所选的字母符号。
6.She’s the person ______ owns the restaurant.A.who
B.which
C.what 7.He’s not tall ________ to play basketball.A.enough
B.too
C.very 8._______ I mied the train, I arrived at work on time.1 A.Because
B.Although
C.If 9.The book was rather expensive, but I bought it _______.A.any way
B.even though
C.anyway 10.When I saw him, I _____ him _______ some money.A.asked, for
B.ask, for
C.asked, with 11.A: Which jumper do you like?
B: The red _____ over there.A.one
B.it
C.that 12.A: Could I see the manager now?
B: I’m sorry you can’t.He has _______ to Hong Kong.A.been
B.gone
C.stayed 13.You didn’t order the cheese, ________? A.do you
B.did you
C.have you 14.We built the house _________.Nobody helped us.A.ourselves
B.ours
C.myself 15.You have ________ done a very good job.A.very
B.indeed
C.certainly 16.Could you please tell us what kind of work_______ you have got experience? A.in which
B.which
C.at that 17.Quick, call the doctor!I think I _______ my arm.A.have broken
B.break
C.am breaking 18.A car hit her when she was walking _________ the road.A.acro
B.through
C.at 19.I went to his house but couldn’t get in.There was ____ there.A.no one
B.nothing
C.someone 20.Get up!Mary.Tom has _______ called you three times this morning.A.yet
B.already
C.never 21.The school telephoned to tell me that my son had hurt ______ playing football.A.herself
B.yourself
C.himself 22.You ______ wear a uniform at school.You can wear anything you like.A.have to
B.don’t have to
C.mustn’t 23.______ the rain and the wind, he came on time.A.Apart from
B.In spite of
C.Although 24.I can’t sit here;this chair is very __________.A.uncomfortable
B.discomfortable
C.noncomfortable
2 25.If I ______ you, I’d sell that car as quickly as poible.A.were
B.am
C.was 第三部分
句型转换（15分，每小题3分）
26-30小题：根据括号里的提示或利用括号里的词语改写下列句子，并将答案写在答题纸上。26.Jack is responsible for all the training.(用What 针对划线部分提问)27.―I can’t find my notebook,‖ she said.（改为间接引语）28.I’m tall and thin.My sister is too.(用so 改写句子)29.He’s gone to Shanghai.He’s negotiating a new contract.(用动词不定式将两句合成一句)30.Mary didn’t stay at home.She went to see Tim.（用instead of 将两个句子合成一句）
26.He has gone to Shanghai.He’s negotiating a new contract.（用动词不定式将两句连成一句)27.He disturbed the burglars.(将句子改为被动语态)28.He didn’t catch the bus, he didn’t run fast.(用enough…to…改写句子)29.I can’t keep accounts, he can’t keep accounts.(用neither改写句子)30.Susan collected the tickets this morning.(用when针对划线部分提问)
26.They smashed the window.((将句子改为被动语态)27.―Can’t you phone me later,Susan?‖ said David.(用aske…to…改写句子)28.They are worried about Jim.(用whom针对划线部分提问)29.28.He didn’t catch the bus, he didn’t run fast.(用enough…to…改写句子)30.It was a place, he wanted to go there.(用where 将第二句改为定语从句)第四部分
阅读理解（共计20分）
31-35题：阅读下列短文，从A、B、C三个选项中选出一个正确答案，并在答题纸上写出所选的字母符号。（共计10分，每小题2分）
David and Xiaoyan arrived at the airport in good time.After checking in at the BA(British Airways)desk, they had their boarding paes checked, put their bags through the X-ray machine and went through the paport control on their way to the departure lounge.They didn’t have anything to eat because they would eat on the plane, but they had a coffee and then they looked round the shops.Xiaoyan bought something for Mary, but David didn’t buy anything.Then they went to the gate.They had about 20 minutes to wait before embarking.Suddenly David realized that he hadn’t got his camera with him.They went back and looked everywhere to see where he could have lost it—in the shops, in the café, at the X-ray machine, at the paport control and at the checking-in desk, but nobody had seen it.3 ―I must have left it in the café,‖ said David, ―I should have put it in my bag.I suppose someone must have walked off with it!‖
31.When they arrived at the airport, they had ______________.A.hardly any time
B.plenty of time
C.just enough time 32.They first went _________ A.to the checking-in desk
B.through customs
C.through the paport control 33.David realized that his camera was miing when he was _________ A.in the café
B.in the departure lounge
C.at the gate 34.They looked for the camera everywhere except________ A.in the shops
B.at the X-ray machine
C.on the plane 35.David thought he must have left it _________ A.in the café
B.in the taxi
C.at home 36-40题：阅读下列短文，并根据短文内容判断其后的句子是正确(Right)，还是错误(Wrong), 并在答题纸上写出所选的字母符号。（共计10分，每小题2分）
If I lived on a desert island, I wouldn’t be bored or lonely.I prefer being on my own, and I think I’d enjoy that.I’d make my own entertainment.If I had a pen and some paper, I’d write a novel.I’ve always wanted to do that, but I’ve never had time.If I didn’t have to go to work, I’d have lots of time, wouldn’t I? I’d be happy to leave my job as I don’t like my bo;she’s always complaining.If I had some tools, I’d have a garden and grow my own food.I’m quite good at gardening and really enjoy working outside.I’d grow lots of vegetables and fruit.I’d eat fish if I could catch them.I haven’t been fishing since I was a child, but I’m sure I could remember how to do it.I wouldn’t mi watching television or driving my car.The programmes are all boring, and the roads are too busy these days.I’d mi my family and friends, but I think I’d be happier than I am now!36.I wouldn’t be bored or lonely if I lived on a desert island.A.Right
B.Wrong 37.I’ve never had time to read a novel.A.Right
B.Wrong 38.I would grow my own food.A.Right
B.Wrong 39.I’m sure I could remember how to fish.A.Right
B.Wrong 40.I would mi TV.A.Right
B.Wrong 第五部分
翻译（共计15分，每小题3分）
4 41-45题：英译汉。将下来英文句子翻译成中文，并将答案写在答题纸上。41.It takes 45 minutes to get to the city centre from the hotel.42.I have to move out of my room on Friday because Franco has got another tenant.43.They enjoyed themselves at the party.44.Although it is very enjoyable, the film is too long.45.She would buy a large house if she won the lottery.41.He got on well with his sister.42.He came acro an old painting at his friend’s house.43.While she was waiting, her phone rang.44.I have to move out of my room, Because Franco has got another tenant.45.I should have put the bag at home.41.He got on well with his sister.42.I’m in a meeting until 1:00.43.She would buy a house if she won the lottery.44.I’ve got the same sense as my mum.45.I can’t find the key, I must have left it in the car.试卷代号：2205 中央广播电视大学2010-2011学年度第一学期“开放专科”期末考试
英语I(2)
试题答案及评分标准
（供参考）
2011年1月
第一部分
交际用语（共计10 分，每小题2 分）
1.A
2.A
3.A
4.B
5.A 第二部分
词汇与结构（共计40 分，每小题2 分）
6.A
7.A
8.B
9.C
10.A 11.A
12.B
13.B
14.A
15.C 16.A
17.A
18.A
19.A
20.B 21.C
22.B
23.B
24.A
25.A
5 第三部分
句型转换（15 分，每小题3 分）
26.What is Jack responsible for? 27.She said she couldn’t find her notebook.28.I’m tall and thin and so is my sister.29.He’s gone to Shanghai to negotiate a new contract.30.Instead of staying at home, Mary went to see Tim.第四部分
阅读理解（共计20 分, 每小题2 分）
31.B
32.A
33.C
36.A
37.B
38.A
第五部分
翻译（共计15 分，每小题3 分）41.从宾馆到市中心需要花45分钟时间。
42.我周五得从房子里搬出来，因为佛朗哥又招了一位房客。43.他们在晚会上玩得很开心。
44.虽然这部电影非常令人愉快，但是太长了。45.如果她中了彩票，就会买一套大房子。
34.C
35.A 39.A
40.B
第4篇：中学英语教学理论与实践答案
中学英语教案理论与实践 答案 一、名词解释1
1.学习策略，是指在学习情景中，学生对学习任务的认识，对学习方法的调整和对学习过程的调控。
2.文化意识是指对"语言国家的历史地理、风土人情、传统习俗、生活习惯、生活方式、文学艺术、行为规范、价值观念等”的认识。
3.语法翻译法这是一种以语法、词汇为主，通过阅读材料进行译入、译出练习，并借以培养学生阅读文学作品能力的教案方法。
4.形成性评价指在教案过程中为了获得有关学习的反馈信息，对学生所学知识的掌握程度所进行的系统评价，是针对学生的学习行为与能力发展所进行的过程性评价，是教案过程的有机组成部分。
5.所谓非智力因素是指智力因素以外的一切心理因素，包括 学习需求、学习动机、学习态度、学习兴趣及学习者的性格、意志、年龄、学习方式和学习习惯等。
6.外语学习的需求因素包括学习的外部诱因和内部需求。前者指由外部动力推动或受外部情境支配而产生的需求，如社会发展和环境变化所引起的需求；后者指由学习者内部动力促发，受心理支配而产生的需求，如对知识、情感和成就的需求等。
7.外语学习动机是激发学生朝着外语学习目标前进的心理动因和心理倾向。外语学习动机可以分为"远景动机"和"近景动机"。前者是指与学习结果和社会责任相联系的动机，与宏观诱因相关。例如，为祖国富强、为提高个人文化素质和道德水平、立志将来有所作为等而学习外语；后者是指于学习活动和具体行为目标相联系的动机，与内部需求紧密相连。
8.成长记录袋(Portfolio>亦称成长档案袋和学习文件夹，是记录学生学习过程与成果的一种工具。成长记录袋是一个有用的评价工具，可以用于总结性评价，更可以用于形成性评价，有时也可以用于选拔。根据档案袋中记录内容的不同，记录袋可以分为两种，一种是成果型记录袋，另一种是过程型记录袋。成果型记录袋主要记录学生的优秀作品，作为总结性评价的参考。过程型记录袋通常包括学生的问题、说明、草案、最初的草稿、修改稿、最终产品以及对作品的自我评价
简答题2
1．为了实现基础教育阶段英语课程的总体目标是培养学生综合语言运用能力，新课程标准提出了课程改革的六大理念："面向全体学生，注重素质教育；整休设计目标．体现灵活开放；突出学生主体，尊重个体差异；采用活动途径，倡导体验参与；注重过程评价，促进学生发展；开发课程资源，拓展学用渠道”这此理念反映了当今世界课程与教案改革的主旋律，体现了以人为本、全人教育的精神实质，突出主体性、灵活性和开放性，重视学生、重视发展和重视过程。
2．在运用任务型教案模式时，我们把语言看作用于交际的、具有结构性的、系统的、可认知的信息传播工具，并以此设计课堂中的交际活动，组织交际教案过程，分析理解语言结构，进而帮助学生掌握目标语言。其基础是现代语言学理论关于语言和学习的基本认识。
•语言是功能意义的载体。即语言是为达到交际目的而使用的表达意义的工具，语言使用过程就是交际过程。•语言是建立和维持人们交际关系的工具。
•语言是可以理解的结构性系统，可以转换和生成，所以语言形式具有可认知性，语法具有可分析性。(2>学习观
语言是交际的基本工具，语言学习目标就是掌握在交际环境中使用这种工具，换言之，就是要通过使用语言来学会语言。•语言既然是工具，就需要通过练习语言使用才能熟练使用语言，因此，行为主义学习观在指导学生提高语言使用熟练程度方面是有意义的。
•语言是可理解的结构系统，我们需要分析、理解和归纳语言规律，根据不同的情况再现语言形式，因此，认知理论也是我们的学习理论。
•语言不仅仅是知识系统和技能，更重要的是它表现了人的交际能力。学生要理解语言，熟练技能，更重要的是需要灵活使用语言达到交际目的。为了达到这个目标，教师需要培养学生的交际能力。
•语言是用来交际的，交际是有语境的。教师要鼓励学生理解语境，把握语境，在不同的环境中学习创造性地使用语言、创造性地表达思想。这是语言生成理论的启示
1 / 7 3.交际教案法具有四个特点：(1>课堂教案以交际能力的所有能力成分为目标，而不仅限于语言能力；(2>课程编排不以形式为纲，而是以功能为纲，通过功能展示形式；(3>语言教案以流畅为主，而不是以准确为主，交际的最终评判标准是意义倾向的真实转达；(4>交际教案课堂上，学生要能创造性地使用语言。
这些特点既是交际教案法的价值所在，也恰恰说明交际教案法的不足。根据语言运用的原则，语言运用应该是以准确(accuracy>和得体(appropriatene>为主，而不以流利(fluency>作为主要标准，因为意思和意图的传达要得体才会有效。也就是说，强调功能的交际教案法所培养的流利的语言运用能力并不是语言运用中的决定性因素。这也是交际法后来出现新的发展(比如作为交际法的一个形态的任务型教案>的一个重要原因。
简答题3 1．外语学习的基本条件是什么？2． 影响外语学习的非智力因素有哪些？3.克拉申的语言监察理论包括哪些假说？
1.综合国内外学者的研究成果，我们认为外语学习的基本条件包括：，而是指各式各样的语言使用类型，不但要有正式的独白，而且还要有非正式的聊天和不同类型的写作。换言之，学习者只接触有限的简写文本或具体的书写文本、句子层面的例子和照本宣科的对话是远远不够的。
正如输入一样，输出也被普遍认为是学习外语的基本条件之一和语言发展的关键。学生只有在不断地使用语言、生成话语的过程中，他们才会把更多的注意力放在听和读方面，放在分析加工语言输入、关注语言特征方面。即，学生是通过输出来促进吸入，通过生成来习得语言的。如果教师在教案过程中只关注输入(语言接触>，而没有考虑输出(语言使用>，那么他的教案行为必定是填鸭式的，即把学生当作一个只进不出的容器，这是不利于语言学习的。因为语言学习是一种双向交流的活动，既涉及语言习得，也涉及话语生成；既要表达思想，传递信息，又要了解他人的思想，获取信息。正如目前非常流行的一句教案格言所说：你听，你忘了；你读，你记住；你做，你学会。因此，学生只有在用语言做事的过程中才能真正学会语言，用好语言。
当然，语言使用涉及两种加工过程：有意识与无意识的加工。按照加涅的学习与记忆的信息加工模型，所谓有意识的语言加工是指学习者在语言输出时把长时记忆里的语言知识调到工作记忆中进行加工，然后这些经过加工的语言知识经过反应发生器输出。这是一个有意识参与的加工过程。通俗地说，所谓有意识的语言加工就是指，学习者在用语言来表达意义时，往往不是直接说出来，而是先在大脑中思考一下语言的组织形式，看看是否符合语法，然后才向外输出。另一种是无意识的语言加工，即学习者在用语言来表达意义时不需要经过工作记忆的加工，长时记忆中的语言知识直接从反应发生器输出。这是一个无意识参与的加工过程。也就是说，学习者在输出信息时无需动脑子来思考语言知识的组织，而是脱口而出。学生在用目标语来表达意义时，常常涉及到对语言知识的有意识加工，而在用本族语来表达意义时则无需对语言进行有意识的加工，完全是一种自动化的过程。语言学习的目的就是要使语言输出自动化，这是一个从有意识到无意识的加工过程。在我国外语教案中，相对于输入来说，学习者输出语言的机会可谓少之又少。在课堂上，学生大部分时间都是在听别人说话，尤其是听教师的讲授，很多学生一节课也没能说上几句，尤其是胆怯和成绩差的学生根本就没有说英语的机会，真有点像陪太子读书。课后，除了复习课文和做练习之外，学习者也很难找到输出语言的其他渠道。因此，如何为学习者创造更多的语言使用机会，就成了外语教案急需解决的问题。
所谓语言学习动机是指直接推动学生进行语言学习的一种内部动力，是激励和指引学生进行学习的一种需要。在加涅看来，"动机是指人对信息加工的期望，这种期望是受目标指引的”。预期目标的达到会带来情感的满足，由此而进一步激励新的学习。克拉申认为影响语言输入或学习的是情感过滤，即为了习得外语，学习者必须在情感上对外语开放。所谓情感就是指动机、态度等因素。换言之，语言学习是受这些因素的制约的。而威莉斯(1996>则认为，语言学习的动机包括加工
2 / 7 所接触到的语料的动机(输人动机>以及尽可能多地使用目标语的动机(输出动机>，学生可以从这些语言接触和使用中受益。从以上的分析看来，无论是加涅、克拉申，还是威莉斯，他们都把动机看作是影响语言输入和输出的重要因素。尽管他们对动机的表述不一样，或动机或期望或情感，但都有异曲同工之妙。2.学生学习外语受非智力因素的影响很大。所谓非智力因素是指智力因素以外的一切心理因素，包括学习需求、学习动机、学习态度、学习兴趣及学习者的性格、意志、年龄、学习方式和学习习惯等。
就外语学习行动而言，学生的意志品质的形成反映在三个阶段：初级阶段(下决心>、中级阶段(有信心>和高级阶段(有恒心>。初级阶段涉及学生要认清白己学习外语的客观需求，积极分析各种条件，确定学习行动目标和选择行动方式；中级阶段涉及学生要形成明确的理想和信心，学生学习外语的理想和信心经常取决于自己对外语学习的展望和对学习活动过程的评估以及外界的评价；高级阶段的学习恒心可以抵制在学习过程中主客观因素的干扰，表现为坚定的意志。上述三个阶段可以是一个连续的整体，反映着学生意志心理的素质，这种素质是否完善发育直接影响着外语学习的过程和结果。
发现，5―7岁的儿童自发使用组织策略的倾向不明显，8―9岁儿童开始出现自发使用组织策略，10―11岁儿童表现出较强的组织策略。在一般情况下，学生学习策略的获得随年龄增长而增加，年龄越大的学习者越具有复杂的策略能力，外语学习也是如此。
人们经常谈到外语学习的"年龄关键期”问题，所谓"年龄关键期”是指在一定的年龄范围内，外语学习可以自然而轻松地发展，而过了这一时期，大脑对于外语的反应将发生变化。德拉(Della>建议用"敏感期”描述这一局限性，因为儿童学习语言较为轻松，以后同样可以学习语言，只是效率不如儿童时期而已。
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应该说，目前的研究还不能得出任何结论，因为影响不同年龄学生学习外语的相关因素很多，如心理与社会因素、教案方法、教材和教师因素等，但目前可以明确的是，年龄本身并不构成学习外语的一个主要优势，年龄必须与其他因素相结合才能发挥优势。
对此，威特金做了关于场依存和场独立的研究。"场”指周围环境，"场依存／场独立”是根据个体受环境影响程度而划分的不同认知方式。威特金认为，场依存的学习者在认知活动中倾向于参照外在信息，很容易受背景的影响，喜欢集体学习环境，需要明确的指导和讲授，喜欢结构严密的教案；受到批评时，学习效果会显著下降。场独立的学习者在认知活动中倾向于利用内在参照加工信息，总是把目标和背景区分开来，知觉比较稳定，不易随背景变化而改变，当情境需要或自己需要时，能对信息进行改组；他们善于学习理工科内容，往往能明确提出学习目标，能深入分析，愿意个人钻研，喜欢松散的教案组织形式。
3.克拉申的语言监察理论(Monitor Model> 是近二十年中最具有启发性的外语教案理论，一直是外语教案界关注和讨论的热点之一。它由五个假设构成：习得/学知有别假设(the Acquisition-learning Distinction Hypothesis> ；语法监察假设(the Grammatical Monitor Hypothesis> ；自然习得顺序假设(the Natural Order Hypothesis> ；可理解输入假设(the "i+1” Input Hypothesis> 和情感过滤假设(the Affective Filter Hypothesis>
简答题4
1．3P教案模式(presentation，Practice，Production>和任务型教案模式有何区别？ 2．任务型教案模式的教案框架是怎样的？ 3.常见的形成性评价工具有哪些？
1.我国英语教师比较熟悉3P教案模式(presentation，Practice，Production>，因为，从我国推行交际教案法以来，英语教师首先学习使用的就是3P教案模式，其教案过程和利特尔伍德所推祟的弱式交际教案法基本一样，只是前面加了"语言形式介绍”。从下面的图表中我们可以清楚地看到3P模式的教案过程。
交际教案法有弱式和强式之分，两者都强调要给学习者提供充分的交际机会来使用语言，因此，它们都把各种交际活动融入课堂教案。对于前者，教师先给学生提供语言结构训练，然后，引导学生实际使用语言；后者更强调交际的作用，教师首先激活语言的使用，在语言使用中体验语言，在总结分析中分析掌握语言，然后，进行语言结构的巩固。如果说，前者是"学习英语是为了使用英语”，那么，后者就是"用英语来学习”(利特尔伍德，1981>。
显然，3P教案模式和任务型教案模式在课程内容要素方面基本是一致的，但安排顺序不一样。任务型教案模式以激励学生开始，续以语言使用，最后，总结语言活动和语言形式，其学习假设是：学生可以在使用语言中学习语言。而3P教案模式基于这样一种假设：学生学完语言之后就可以使用语言。
2．任务型教案包括一个三段式的框架：任务准备、任务过程和总结巩固。每一阶段都需要精心设计，以创设出学生语言交流环境，为学生提供充分的使用语言的机会，帮助学生有效地完成交际任务和体验使用目标语言。(1>任务准备
教师通过生动的语言或即时的小活动介绍任务要求，进行活动过程示范和激发学生的参与兴趣。
(2>任务过程
这一阶段中，学生或听，或读，或讨论，或思考解决问题的方法(交际任务>，然后，组织想法，形成语言，向小组／全班汇报。
在这一阶段中，教师要总结任务完成的情况，有针对性地设置语言练习任务；学生也可以通过录音或阅读相关材料来对照自己在交际活动中语言使用的情况
补充任务(可选> 如果时间允许，教师可以进一步安排其他活动：学生可以重复口头任务，记录有用的词语，讨论完成任务的感受。课后作业应该是课堂任务的延续，把课堂尝试使用过的语言形式和交际技巧等运用于社会活动。例如，通过网络用英语聊天、给笔友回信、收集趣味英语活动的信息、阅读英语杂志等，进行一些和课堂交际目标以及目标语有关的语言使用活动。3.形成性评价包括对学习成果的评价和对学习过程的评价，学习成果即知识和技能的达成，学习过程即知识的认识、理解、掌握、应用等学习历程。评价时需要掌握哪些工具可以评价学生的知识再认和理解，哪些工具可以评价知识和能力的应用，哪些工具可以评价过程本身。就形成性评价来说，常用的评价工具有以下几种：
4 / 7 显然，3P教案模式和任务型教案模式在课程内容要素方面基本是一致的，但安排顺序不一样。任务型教案模式以激励学生开始，续以语言使用，最后，总结语言活动和语言形式，其学习假设是：学生可以在使用语言中学习语言。而3P教案模式基于这样一种假设：学生学完语言之后就可以使用语言。
2．任务型教案包括一个三段式的框架：任务准备、任务过程和总结巩固。每一阶段都需要精心设计，以创设出学生语言交流环境，为学生提供充分的使用语言的机会，帮助学生有效地完成交际任务和体验使用目标语言。(1>任务准备
教师通过生动的语言或即时的小活动介绍任务要求，进行活动过程示范和激发学生的参与兴趣。
(2>任务过程
这一阶段中，学生或听，或读，或讨论，或思考解决问题的方法(交际任务>，然后，组织想法，形成语言，向小组／全班汇报。
在这一阶段中，教师要总结任务完成的情况，有针对性地设置语言练习任务；学生也可以通过录音或阅读相关材料来对照自己在交际活动中语言使用的情况
补充任务(可选> 如果时间允许，教师可以进一步安排其他活动：学生可以重复口头任务，记录有用的词语，讨论完成任务的感受。课后作业应该是课堂任务的延续，把课堂尝试使用过的语言形式和交际技巧等运用于社会活动。例如，通过网络用英语聊天、给笔友回信、收集趣味英语活动的信息、阅读英语杂志等，进行一些和课堂交际目标以及目标语有关的语言使用活动。
3.形成性评价包括对学习成果的评价和对学习过程的评价，学习成果即知识和技能的达成，学习过程即知识的认识、理解、掌握、应用等学习历程。评价时需要掌握哪些工具可以评价学生的知识再认和理解，哪些工具可以评价知识和能力的应用，哪些工具可以评价过程本身。就形成性评价来说，常用的评价工具有以下几种：
教案设计5可按任务型教案包括的三段式的框架(任务准备、任务过程和总结巩固>来设计阅读活动.T:Where do the penguins live ? Ss: **......T: Step2.Skimming and scanning(Let students find the factor to influence the penguins survival>.Step3.Intensive reading Answer the questions。1.Why do the penguins die of hunger? 2.What are the penguins' enemies? 3.Does oil leaks make penguins be in danger? Step4.Activity: Sudtents work in pairs to discu how to improve the penguins' survival environment Step5.Homework Conclude the factor to influence penguins' survival environment and what should we do to protect environment.教案设计6
一、课型：reading 二、教案目标：
1．知识与技能: 1.学习一些单词、不同国家吃不同的食物。2.学会简单的调查，并写出调查报告。2.过程与方法：readingspeaking discuingwriting 3.情感态度价值观：通过对一些地方进行比较，提高学生辨别能力，提高自己的阅读能力。
5 / 7 三、教案重难点:1In south China what 2.In westerncountries such as Britain,what do theyeat
四．教案方法：小组合作，任务型教案
五．教具：课本，录音机
Preview: 翻译下面的句子和短语
1.In Africa, maize is the most important food.________________________________ 2.People there usually make their bread from wheat flour.__________________________________ 3.In England the most popular food is fish and chips._________________________________ 六．教案过程：
一Organization: say hello to each other 二、Review
三、New Leons 1.lead-in: T: cla, we learned something about People eat different things in different parts of the world..Now, I'm a reporter.Can I ask you some questions?(write it on the blackboard> S: Sure.T: What's the best food do you like? S…….T: Why do you think so? S:……………
2.have a pairwork
1.
learning the new leons step1 lead-in: T: There is a report about theses places.Let,s read 3a and fill in the chart.(见文章>
Step2: ask students to read the article again, understand it.Step3: explain the main points
In south China we eat rice every day.In Africa, maize is the most important food.In westerncountries such as Britain, Australia and the U.S.A, the most important food is bread or potatoes.Step4: read it and try to remember the main phrases
6 / 7
Step5:writing
结合自己喜欢的的食物情况，对这些食物、品种、做法等场所做出比较、评价。
四．consolidation Give them some time to remember the main points.六．Homework.1.write the main points.2.complete the article.板书设计
1what do chania people eat ? 2.The Japanese eat rice, too.3.In Africa, maize is the most important food.4.In westerncountries such as Britain, Australia and the U.S.A, the most important food is bread or potatoes.7 / 7
