大面积烧伤患者早期血乳酸水平与死亡风险关联的回顾性研究
【摘要】 目的 分析大面积烧伤患者早期血清乳酸值与死亡风险的关系。 方法 回顾性纳入南昌大学第一附属医院 烧伤科ICU 收治的2016年 1月— 2021年12月烧伤外科收治的符合人选标准的158例大面积烧伤患者( 男 112 例、女 46 例) 的临床资料, 患者年龄为 18-80岁, 烧伤总面积 > 50% 体表总面积,患者入院后均行抗休克治疗。根据预后将患者分成生存组和死亡组,收集两组患者年龄、性别、入 ICU 时烧伤总面积、红细胞、白细胞、血小板、中性粒细胞、肌酐、白蛋白、谷丙氨酸、天冬门氨酸、碱性磷酸酶、钙离子、入 ICU 当日急性生理学与慢性健康状况评分系统Ⅱ( APACHE Ⅱ)评分以及入院时血清乳酸水平、6h血清乳酸水平、12h血清乳酸水平、24h血清乳酸水平、48h血清乳酸水平、72h血乳酸水平,和入院6h乳酸清除率、12h乳酸清除率、24h乳酸清除率、48h乳酸清除率、72h乳酸清除率,对数据进行t检验、x 2 检验,采用logistic回归分析筛选影响患者预后的独立危险因素。 结果 生存组与死亡组患者在入院时,性别、红细胞、白细胞、血小板、中性粒细胞、肌酐、白蛋白、谷丙氨酸、天冬门氨酸、碱性磷酸酶、钙离子、6h乳酸清除率、12h乳酸清除率、24h乳酸清除率和入ICU 当日 APACHE Ⅱ评分比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);而两组间烧伤面积、年龄、48h乳酸清除率、72h乳酸清除率以及入院时血清乳酸水平、入院6h血清乳酸水平、12h血清乳酸水平、24h血清乳酸水平、48h血清乳酸水平、72h血乳酸水平差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。多因素回归分析结果表明48 h 血乳酸水平、48h乳酸清除率是大面积烧伤患者死亡的独立风险因素(P<0.01)。 结论 大面积烧伤患者早期血乳酸水平与患者预后密切相关 ,且48h血乳酸水平、48h血乳酸清除率是影响患者死亡的独立风险因素,能够预测大面积烧伤患者死亡。
【关键词】大面积烧伤;血乳酸;血乳酸清除率; 死亡;
[Abstract] Objective To analyze the relationship between early serum lactate values and the risk of death in patients with large burns. Methods The clinical data of 158 patients with large burns (112 males and 46 females) who met the candidate criteria and were admitted to the ICU of the Department of Burn Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, from January 2016 to December 2021, were retrospectively included, with ages ranging from 18 to 80 years, total burn area > 50% of total body surface area, and patients were admitted to the hospital. All patients were treated with anti-shock therapy after admission. The patients were divided into survival and death groups according to their prognosis, and age, sex, total burn area at ICU admission, erythrocytes, leukocytes, platelets, neutrophils, creatinine, albumin, glutamate, aspartate, alkaline phosphatase, calcium ions, the Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Status Rating System II (APACHE II) scores on the day of ICU admission, and serum lactate level at admission, 6-h serum lactate level at ICU admission were collected. levels, 6h serum lactate level, 12h serum lactate level, 24h serum lactate level, 48h serum lactate level, 72h serum lactate level, and 6h lactate clearance rate, 12h lactate clearance rate, 24h lactate clearance rate, 48h lactate clearance rate, 72h lactate clearance rate on admission, t-test, x 2 test, and logistic regression analysis were used to screen independent risk factors affecting the prognosis of patients. Independent risk factors affecting the prognosis of patients were screened by logistic regression analysis. The differences in gender, erythrocytes, leukocytes, platelets, neutrophils, creatinine, albumin, glutamate, aspartate, alkaline phosphatase, calcium ion, 6h lactate clearance, 12h lactate clearance, 24h lactate clearance and APACHE II score on the day of ICU admission were not statistically significant (P>0.05) between the surviving and the deceased groups, while the differences in burn area, age, 48h lactate clearance and 72h lactate clearance were not statistically significant between the two groups. The differences in burn area, age, 48-h lactate clearance rate, 72-h lactate clearance rate, and serum lactate levels at admission, 6-h serum lactate level, 12-h serum lactate level, 24-h serum lactate level, 48-h serum lactate level, and 72-h serum lactate level were statistically significant (P<0.05). The results of multi-factor regression analysis showed that 48-h blood lactate level and 48-h lactate clearance were independent risk factors for death in patients with large burns (P<0.01). Conclusion Early blood lactate levels in patients with large burns are closely related to patient prognosis, and 48-h blood lactate levels and 48-h blood lactate clearance rates are independent risk factors for death in patients with large burns and can predict death in patients with large burns.【Key words】Large burns; blood lactate; blood lactate clearance; death.大面积烧伤患者病情危重,病因复杂。由于体表大面积皮肤被破坏,患者的人体循环系统和器官功能会发生一系列损伤,并发症较多,并有极高的残疾和死亡率[1-4]。目前关于烧伤预后危险因素的研究多数集中在小面积的烧伤,而关于大面积烧伤早期血乳酸水平对患者预后的影响的研究方向相对来说较少。因此,本研究旨在通过回顾性病例对照研究,探讨158例大面积烧伤患者死亡的危险因素,为改善临床大面积烧伤病人的预后。
1 资料与方法
1.1 一般资料
回顾性纳入南昌大学第一附属医院烧伤科ICU收治的2016年 1月-2021年12月烧伤外科收治的符合人选标准的158例大面积烧伤患者( 男 112 例、女 46例) 的临床资料。根据患者入院后28天内的预后情况,将患者分为生存组和死亡组。所有病人入院后都住进了烧伤重症监护室,并进行液体复苏抗休克治疗。
1.1.1 纳入标准标准:①年龄 18-80 岁②烧伤总面积 > 50% TBSA。
1.1.2 排除标准:①年龄<18 岁或者﹥ 80岁;② 住院不足 72 h 以各种理由离院的患者。
1.1.3 伦理学:本研究符合医院伦理学标准,并经医院伦理委员会批准。
1.2 观察指标
记录患者的一般资料,年龄、性别、入 ICU 时烧伤面积、红细胞、白细胞、血小板、中性粒细胞、肌酐、白蛋白、谷丙氨酸、天冬门氨酸、碱性磷酸酶、钙离子、入 ICU 当日急性生理学与慢性健康状况评分系统Ⅱ( APACHE Ⅱ)评分以及入院时血清乳酸水平、入院6h血清乳酸水平、12h血清乳酸水平、24h血清乳酸水平、48h血清乳酸水平、72h血乳酸水平、入院6h乳酸清除率、12h乳酸清除率、24h乳酸清除率、48h乳酸清除率、72h乳酸清除率,患者入院后28d内存活情况。
1.3 统计学方法
使用 SPSS 24.0 软件处理数据,计量资料以 x ± s 表 , 以 Dolmogorov.Smirnov 检测数据正态性, 所有数据均符合正态分布, 行t检验; 计数资料以频数/比表 , 行 x 2 检验。先进行单因素分析,之后再将单因素分析具有统计学意义的指标纳入到 logistic 回归模型给予多因素分析, 筛选出影响大面积烧伤患者预后的独立危险因素,以 P<0.01 为差异有统计学意义。
2 结果
2.1 生存组与死亡组一般资料对比
158例大面积烧伤患者中,生存123例,死亡 35例。生存组与死亡组患者性别,入院时的白细胞、肌酐、白蛋白、尿量、和入ICU 当日APACHEⅡ评分比较差异无统计学意义(均 P>0.05),提示这些指标无法早期评估大面积烧伤患者的病情严重程度。而两组间年龄,烧伤总面积,有统计学意义 (P<0.05),提示这些指标可以评估特重度烧伤患者早期病情严重程度,见表 1。
表 1 大面积烧伤患者生存组与死亡组各项指标比较(Mean±SD)
指标 | 生存组( n=20) | 死亡组( n=26) | 统计值 | P 值 |
例数(男 / 女) | 123(86/37) | 35(26/9) | χ=0.252 | 0.616 |
年龄(岁) | 44.65±13.32 | 55.23 ±17.84 | t=3.82 | 0.000 |
烧伤总面积(%) | 62.94 ± 13.3 | 83.46 ± 12.87 | t=8.33 | 0.000 |
白细胞计数(mmol/L) | 19.7 ± 12.94 | 20.09± 11.69 | t=0.161 | 0.873 |
红细胞计数(mmol/L) | 4.88 ± 1.11 | 4.92 ± 0.99 | t=0.192 | 0.848 |
血红蛋白 | 163±59 | 174±70 | t=1.37 | 0.236 |
血小板(mmol/L) | 211±93 | 200± 86 | t=0.614 | 0.518 |
中性粒细胞计数(mmol/L) | 17.11 ±12.87 | 15.86 ±9.72 | t=0.536 | 0.643 |
谷丙氨酸( 109/L) | 35.73 ± 14.56 | 34.38 ± 10.24 | t=0.576 | 0.576 |
天冬门氨酸(g/L) | 17.75 ±6.42 | 21.83 ± 10.31 | t=1.647 | 0.107 |
Ca2+ | 2.08 ±0.16 | 2.06 ±0.11 | t=0.891 | 0.374 |
白蛋白(mmol/L) | 27.67 ±4.1 | 26.89 ± 3.89 | t=0.892 | 0.371 |
肌酐 (μmol/L) | 73.8 ±29.82 | 79.4 ±37.41 | t=0.593 | 0.537 |
碱性磷酸酶 | 84.14±37.12 | 90.43±42.13 | t=0.794 | 0.428 |
APACHE Ⅱ评分 | 12.50 ±4.31 | 13.62 ±3.76 | t=0.488 | 0.755 |
2.2存活组和死亡组患者各时间点血清乳酸值
指标 | 生存组( n=20) | 死亡组( n=26) | 统计值 | P 值 |
入院时血乳酸(mmol/L) | 3.29 ±1.87 | 6.94 ±3.64 | 4.934 | 0.000 |
6h血乳酸(mmol/L) | 2.65±1.17 | 4.98±2.44 | 4.924 | 0.000 |
12h血乳酸(mmol/L) | 2.31±0.97 | 4.36±2.32 | 4.429 | 0.000 |
24h血乳酸(mmol/L) | 1.81±0.93 | 3.87±2.05 | 5.228 | 0.000 |
48h血乳酸(mmol/L) | 1.47±0.62 | 4.75±3.22 | 6.078 | 0.000 |
72h血乳酸(mmol/L) | 1.27±0.42 | 5.59±3.38 | 7.52 | 0.000 |
死亡组各个时间段血乳酸水平明显高于存活组,存活组患者人院后 12 h 血清乳酸值呈下降趋, 并在人院后 24h、48 h、72h 降至正常值( 2 mmol / L) 。死亡组患者人院后24 h 后血清乳酸值呈上升趋势,48h血清乳酸达到4mol/以上,见表2和 图1。
表2生存和死亡组各个时间点乳酸值的比较(Mean±SD)
图1